Pigmentation occurs when the skin produces excess melanin, the pigment responsible for skin color. This can happen for various reasons, such as sun exposure, hormonal changes, or skin inflammation.

Hyperpigmentation, a type of pigmentation, refers to darker spots or patches that appear on the skin due to an overproduction of melanin. It can be triggered by factors like sun exposure, pregnancy (often referred to as melasma), acne scarring, or certain medications. These darker spots typically appear on areas exposed to the sun or where the skin has experienced trauma.

Managing pigmentation and hyperpigmentation involves using products that target melanin production, promote skin cell turnover, and protect against further sun damage. With consistent care, the appearance of dark spots and uneven skin tone can gradually improve.